Hossein Irandoust; Abbasali Gheisari; Mohammad Irandoust
Volume 25, Issue 3 , October 2023, , Pages 309-323
Abstract
Introduction: During many years, with the breeding operations on native hens of Sepahan, growth rate, age of sexual maturity, egg production, egg weight and many other traits of their productive performance have been improved. Estimation of nutritional requirements, especially metabolisable energy and ...
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Introduction: During many years, with the breeding operations on native hens of Sepahan, growth rate, age of sexual maturity, egg production, egg weight and many other traits of their productive performance have been improved. Estimation of nutritional requirements, especially metabolisable energy and crude protein, is necessary to achieve high fertility and hatchability and produce day-old chicks with appropriate quality.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary energy and protein on productive performance and egg quality characteristics of the improved indigenous hens in 42-53 weeks of age (during 3 periods of 28 days). Totally, 180 Sepahan hens were assigned to a 3 × 2 factorial arrangements in a completely randomized. Factor 1 was different levels of metabolizable energy (2400, 2550 and 2700 kcal/kg), and factor 2 was levels of crude protein (14 and 16%). Data were collected for feed intake, egg production, egg weight, feed to egg conversion ratio, shell strength, shell thickness, shell weight, percentage of shell weight to egg weight, yolk color index, percentage of yolk weight to egg weight and Hough unit. In addition, during the experimental period, during three stages after artificial insemination, the eggs of Isfahan native breeder hens were collected and after numbering and grading, they were grouped and separated according to the treatment and repetition of the device. Incubators were transferred. At the end of the incubation period, the number of hatched chicks from each replication was counted and group weighing was performed. The components studied at this stage of the experiment also included fertility efficiency, hatchability, day-old chick weight and percentage of chick weight to hatchable eggs.Results and Discussion: According to the results of the present experiment, in the whole experimental period, feed intake, egg weight and egg production were not affected by experimental treatments (P<0.05). Egg mass weight in chickens fed diets containing 2550 kcal was significantly higher than chickens fed diets containing 2400 kcal (P <0.05) and feed-to-egg conversion ratio in native hens, fed diets containing 2550 kcal was lower than 2400 kcal (P <0.05). The highest egg shell strength (3.4 kg/cm2) was in diets containing 2700 kcal energy and 14% crude protein and the lowest (3.02 kg/cm2) was in diets containing 2400 kcal energy and 14% crude protein (P<0.05). By increasing crude energy levels, the color of egg yolk also increased (P <0.05). Increasing the level of crude protein in the diet decreased Hough units of eggs (P <0.05). The highest rate of fertility and hatchability of hatchable eggs was obtained in treatments containing 2550 kcal of energy (P<0.05). Experimental treatments had no significant effect on the weight of day-old chicks (g) and the ratio of chicken weight to the weight of hatchable eggs. However, fertility (percentage) and hatchability rates of fertile eggs (percentage) were affected by different energy levels (P <0.05), so that the highest fertility rate was in treatments received 2550 kcal ME/kg of diets. Different levels of crude protein and energy and protein interactions had no significant effects on these traits. Embryo mortalities in the first and second weeks of the incubation period (percentage) were not affected by experimental treatments, but embryo mortalities in the third week and in the whole incubation period were affected by the interaction of energy levels and crude protein in the diet (P<0.05).Conclusion: In general, based on the results obtained under the conditions of this study, it seems that the diet containing 2550 kcal metabolisable energy and 14% protein is appropriate for feeding to Isfahan native breeder hens during the laying period.
Hossein Irandoust; Ali Parsa
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 129-143
Abstract
Two experiments were carried out to determine the physicochemical properties of soy oil sources and investigate the effect of their use in broilers diets on growth performance. In the first experiment, fatty acids composition of the experimental oils was determined and then the apparent metabolizable ...
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Two experiments were carried out to determine the physicochemical properties of soy oil sources and investigate the effect of their use in broilers diets on growth performance. In the first experiment, fatty acids composition of the experimental oils was determined and then the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of oils was estimated through two methods, including multiplying the digestibility of the oil by its gross energy value as well as subtracting AME value of the basal diet from diets containing the oils using Leghorn mature roosters. In the second experiment, the effects of four dietary treatments containing 5% of each oil source was studied on the performance of Ross 308 broilers, replicated 5 times, using a completely randomized design. Linoleic acid content turned out to be 51.46% in soybean oil (SO), 11.35% in hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO), 32.53% in recycled soybean oil (RSO) and 40.03% in acidulated soybean oil soap-stock (ASO). The AME of the oils obtained by multiplying method for SO, HSO, RSO and ASO appeared to be 8920, 8733, 8602 and 7836 kcal/kg, respectively. When calculated by subtracting method, the AME of the oils turned out to be 9016, 8794, 8765 and 7906 kcal/kg, respectively, which indicates higher values obtained from the latter method than former one. Moreover, HSO improved feed intake compared with SO (P<0.05). Also, ASO reduced daily weight gain and increased FCR in grower period compared with SO. It is concluded that recycled soybean oil appeared to have no adverse effect on broiler performance.
Hossein Irandoust; Hamidreza Moslehi
Volume 18, Issue 3 , October 2016, , Pages 525-538
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the AME content of garlic powder and to investigate its effect as well as vitamin E and Loxidan (as a commercial antioxidant) supplemented in the diet, on growth performance, carcass analysis and meat oxidative stability. In the first experiment, the AME was ...
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Two experiments were conducted to determine the AME content of garlic powder and to investigate its effect as well as vitamin E and Loxidan (as a commercial antioxidant) supplemented in the diet, on growth performance, carcass analysis and meat oxidative stability. In the first experiment, the AME was determined in Leghorn roosters fed diets containing 5, 10, 15 and 20% of garlic powder, whose value appeared to be 2370, 2300, 2090 and 2065 kcal/kg, respectively. In the second experiment, a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement including two levels of garlic powder (0 and 2 percent), two levels of vitamin E (0 and 200 mg/kg), and two levels of Loxidan (0 and 200 mg/kg) were employed in four replicates and twelve broiler chicks in each. According to results, growth performance, the ratio of eviscerated carcass, breast, thigh and abdominal fat to live weight were not affected by garlic powder, vitamin E and antioxidant as they were applied individually. However, applying garlic powder along with Loxidan resulted in better daily weight gain (P<0.05). Moreover, using vitamin E along with Loxidan in diets led to meat oxidative stability (P<0.05). The findings of this study indicate that dietary individual supplementation of garlic powder in diet has no effect on growth performance, while using vitamin E and Loxidan may improve some characteristics such as meat oxidative stability.
Ali Mohammad Salimian; Seyed Ali Tabeidian; Hossein Irandoust
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 141-150
Abstract
To investigate the effect of cinnamon, turmeric and carnation powders on growth performance, carcass characteristics, morphological and pH changes of intestine and blood serum oxidation status in broilers, 450 unsexed Ross 308 day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted in a completely randomized design ...
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To investigate the effect of cinnamon, turmeric and carnation powders on growth performance, carcass characteristics, morphological and pH changes of intestine and blood serum oxidation status in broilers, 450 unsexed Ross 308 day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted in a completely randomized design with six treatments, five replicates and 15 birds per each replicate, for 42 days. The broilers were fed either a basal diet (without feed additive as control) or basal diet supplemented with 3 g/kg of cinnamon, turmeric and carnation powders and 0.6 g/kg of their mixture (2 g/kg of each) as well as 0.5 g/kg of flavophospholipol. Feed intake, weight gain and FCR as well as carcass characteristics were not affected by experimental diets. The jejunal villi height to crypt depth ratio was turned out to be significantly higher in the diet containing the mixture of cinnamon, turmeric and carnation than those of control, flavophospholipol and cinnamon diets (P<0.05). In addition, the feed additives appeared to reduce the pH of duodenal digesta compared to the control (P<0.05). Moreover, blood serum MDA of chickens fed basal diet and diet containing carnation was significantly higher than the other experimental diets (P<0.05). In conclusion, turmeric powder alone or in combination with cinnamon and carnation can be considered as an appropriate alternative to antibiotics in broiler diets, and used for improving the pH and morphological traits of intestine as well as blood serum oxidative stability.